The Montreal model: An integrative biomedical-psychedelic approach to ketamine for severe treatment-resistant depression
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Issue Date
2023-09-19
Editor
Authors
Garel, Nicolas
Drury, Jessica
Lévesque, Julien Thibault
Goyette, Nathalie
Lehmann, Alexandre
Looper, Karl
Erritzoe, David
Dames, Shannon
Turecki, Gustavo
Rej, Soham
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Subject
Abstract
This article presents the Montreal model, a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to ketamine for severe TRD refined over 6 years in public healthcare settings. To contextualize its development, we review the evidence for ketamine as a biomedical and as a psychedelic treatment of depression, emphasizing each perspectives’ strengths, weaknesses, and distinct methods of utilization. We then describe the key clinical experiences and research findings that shaped the model’s various components, which are presented in detail.
Description
This article was originally published as: Garel, N., Drury, J., Lévesque, J.T., Goyette, N., Lehmann, A., Looper, K., Erritzoe, D., Dames, S., Turecki, G., Rej, S., Richard-Devantoy, S., & Greenway, K.T. (2023). The Montreal model: An integrative biomedical-psychedelic approach to ketamine for severe treatment-resistant depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1268832