Janes, Jasmine
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Item We know very little about pollination in the Platanthera Rich (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae)(John Wiley & Sons, 2024-04-10) Janes, Jasmine K.; van der Voort, Genevieve E.; Huber, Dezene P. W.The Platanthera Rich. (Orchidoideae) comprise a speciose genus of orchids primarily in the northern hemisphere, with up to 200 known species worldwide. Individual species are known to self-pollinate, but many rely on insect pollinators with characteristics such as floral color, timing of floral odor emissions, nectar rewards, and spur length associated with particular pollination syndromes. As with many orchids, some orchid–pollinator associations are likely highly co-evolved, but we also know that some Platanthera spp. are the result of hybridization events, which implies a lack of pollinator fidelity in some cases. Some Platanthera spp. occur in large numbers which, coupled with the numerous Platanthera–pollinator systems, make them accessible as study species and useful for co-evolutionary studies. Due to the likely effects of climate change and ongoing development on Platanthera spp. habitats, these orchids and their associated pollinators should be a focus of conservation attention and management. However, while there is a fairly substantial literature coverage of Platanthera–pollinator occurrence and interactions, there are still wide gaps in our understanding of the species involved in these systems. In this systematic review, we outline what is current knowledge and provide guidance on further research that will increase our understanding of orchid–insect co-evolutionary relationships. Our review covers 157 orchid species and about 233 pollinator species interacting with 30 Platanthera spp. We provide analyses on aspects of these interactions such as flower morphology, known insect partners of Platanthera species, insect-Platanthera specificity, pollination visitor timing (diurnal vs. nocturnal), floral rewards, and insect behavior affecting pollination outcomes (e.g., pollinia placement). A substantial number of Platanthera spp. and at least a few of their known pollinators are of official (IUCN) conservation concern – and many of their pollinators remain unassessed or even currently unknown – which adds to the urgency of further research on these co-evolved relationships.Item Genetic analysis reveals hidden threats and new motivation for conservation translocation of black-tailed prairie dogs at the northern limit of their range(Elsevier, 2023-10) Cullingham, C.I.; Stephens, T.R.; Swan, K.D.; Wilson, S.C.; Janes, Jasmine K.; Matchett, M.R.; Griebel, R.; Moehrenschlager, A.Biodiversity loss continues at unprecedented rates; to slow loss, conservation practitioners are working to remove species from risk of extinction. But, even when species are no longer at risk of extinction, they likely exist in small, isolated populations, especially at range edges, and their long-term persistence is uncertain. The northernmost population of the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), located in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada, is potentially isolated from the core of the prairie dog range and has experienced dramatic population fluctuations. To better understand the genetic health of this population, we genotyped 566 individuals alongside individuals from Montana (N = 48) and South Dakota (N = 40), at 15 microsatellite loci. We also generated over 1000 base pairs of mtDNA sequence data for a subset of individuals from each of these three locations. The microsatellite data indicate that the Saskatchewan population has extremely low variability (HO = 0.231), and a high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.14) compared to other prairie dog populations. Analysis of population structure indicates that the Saskatchewan population is isolated from the black-tailed prairie dog range. However, data from the mtDNA indicates the Saskatchewan population was connected to Montana in the recent past. Considering these results, it is important to evaluate management strategies such as genetic rescue via translocations to increase diversity and circumvent negative impacts of inbreeding. While translocating individuals presents challenges, we believe this may be the best option for Saskatchewan prairie dogs given the continuing impacts of climate change and disease.Item Where did mountain pine beetle populations in Jasper Park come from? Tracking beetles with genetics(Canadian Institute of Forestry/Institut forestier du Canada, 2018) Trevoy, Stephan A.L.; Janes, Jasmine K.; Sperling, Felix A.H.The invasion of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) into Alberta has been an ongoing concern for forest management. The beetle’s recent appearance and spread in Jasper National Park now poses ecological and economic threats to forestry in regions to the east. By applying recent advances in genetic typing and analysis, we show that the beetle population in Jasper is comprised of mixed individuals combining genetic signatures of both northern and southern beetles. Coupled with current monitoring methods, genetic markers can be used to identify the origin of novel populations, facilitate precise monitoring of beetle expansion and potentially inform targeted management strategies.Item Repurposing population genetics data to discern genomic architecture: A case study of linkage cohort detection in mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019-02) Trevoy, Stephan A.L.; Janes, Jasmine K.; Muirhead, Kevin; Sperling, Felix A.H.Genetic surveys of the population structure of species can be used as resources for exploring their genomic architecture. By adjusting filtering assumptions, genomewide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets can be reused to give new insights into the genetic basis of divergence and speciation without targeted resampling of specimens. Filtering only for missing data and minor allele frequency, we used a combination of principal components analysis and linkage disequilibrium network analysis to distinguish three cohorts of variable SNPs in the mountain pine beetle in western Canada, including one that was sex‐linked and one that was geographically associated. These marker cohorts indicate genomically localized differentiation, and their detection demonstrates an accessible and intuitive method for discovering potential islands of genomic divergence without a priori knowledge of a species’ genomic architecture. Thus, this method has utility for directly addressing the genomic architecture of species and generating new hypotheses for functional research.Item Modelling landscape genetic connectivity of the mountain pine beetle in western Canada(Canadian Science Publishing, 2019-11) Wittische, Julian; Janes, Jasmine K.; James, Patrick M.A.The current mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) outbreak has reached more than 25 million hectares of forests in North America, affecting pine species throughout the region and substantially changing landscapes. However, landscape features that enhance or limit dispersal during the geographic expansion associated with the outbreak are poorly understood. One of the obstacles in evaluating the effects of landscape features on dispersal is the parameterization of resistance surfaces, which are often constructed based on biased expert opinion or by making assumptions in the calculation of ecological distances. In this study, we assessed the impact of four environmental variables on MPB genetic connectivity across western Canada. We optimized resistance surfaces using genetic algorithms and models of maximum likelihood population effects, based on pairwise genetic distances and ecological distances calculated using random-walk commute-time distances. Unlike other methods for the development of resistance surfaces, this approach does not make a priori assumptions about the direction or shape of the relationships between environmental features and their cost to movement. We found highest support for a composite resistance surface including elevation and climate. These results further the understanding of MPB movement during an outbreak. Additionally, we demonstrated how to use our results for management purposes.